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Nucleoprotein Antibodies for SARS-CoV-2

Posted on December 17, 2021December 24, 2021 by Christina

After launching the successful anti-COVID-19 & SARS-CoV S glycoprotein antibody clone CR3022, we are pleased to announce two anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (nucleocapsid) antibodies for COVID-19 research and diagnostics. Our recombinant antibody technology allows us to offer these antibodies in various engineered formats – such as human IgG1, IgG3, IgM and IgA; antibody fragments; and species such as rabbit and mouse – for use as serological controls and evaluation of mono- and combination-therapy potential.

  • Anti-Covid-19 & SARS-CoV Nucleoprotein [CR3018 (03-018)] (Ab01690)
  • Anti-Covid-19 & SARS-CoV Nucleoprotein [CR3009 (03-009)] (Ab01691)

The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein plays a crucial role in viral infection through its involvement in RNA package and virus particle release. The N protein is highly expressed during viral infection and is widely used in vaccine development serological assays. It was demonstrated that COVID-19 patients’ sera contain IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against the N protein, showing that SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein is a potent antigen useful for diagnostics purposes (PMID: 32416961). Furthermore, the crystal structure of the RNA-binding N-terminal fragment of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein has been established, which is especially valuable for anti-COVID-19 therapeutics development.

Competitive ELISA of both anti-nucleocapsid antibodies suggests that they bind different, non-overlapping epitopes of the N protein of SARS-CoV. Thus, a combination of these two antibodies is suggested for virus capture assays. Clone CR3018 (catalog # Ab01690) binds the amino acid residues between 11-19 of the N protein of SARS-CoV, while clone CR3009 (catalog # Ab01691) binds a non-linear/conformational epitope of the N protein of SARS-CoV, both of which are sufficiently conserved to permit binding of these antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.

Figure 1 shows the binding curve of both antibodies in rabbit IgG format to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoproteins, while Figure 2 shows both antibodies being used as positive controls in COVID-19 rapid diagnostic tests, in human IgG1 and IgM formats.

 

Abstract

Implementation of lateral flow devices (LFDs) for rabies antigen detection is expected to improve surveillance through the efficient detection of rabid animals in resource-limited settings; however, the use of LFDs for diagnosis remains controversial because some commercially available kits show low sensitivity. Therefore, we compared the diagnostic efficacy of three LFDs (ADTEC, Bionote, and Elabscience kits) paralleled with the direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) using fresh samples and investigated the diagnostic accuracies. To do so, we evaluated rabies-suspected samples submitted to the Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory III, Philippines. Furthermore, we conducted real-time RT-PCR and sequencing to measure the accuracy of field laboratory diagnosis.

The total number of animals submitted during this study period was 184 cases, including negative control samples. Of these, 53.9% (84 cases) were positive in the dFAT. Dogs were the most common rabies-suspected animal (n = 135). The sensitivities of the ADTEC and Bionote kits were 0.88 (74 cases) and 0.95 (80 cases), respectively. The specificity of both kits was 1.00 (100 cases).

Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of the ADTEC kit after directly homogenizing the samples in assay buffer without dilution in phosphate-buffered saline (ADTEC kit DM) were 0.94 (79 cases) and 1.00 (100 cases), respectively. By contrast, there were no positive results using the Elabscience kit among all dFAT-positive samples. The sensitivity and specificity of LFDs make these tests highly feasible if properly used. Therefore, LFD tests can be used to strengthen the surveillance of rabies-infected animals in endemic and resource-limited settings.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer was the second leading cause of death in the world in 2018 [1], and early diagnosis and treatment of malignancies can significantly increase survival rates. Tumor biomarkers can provide effective and timely information in early cancer monitoring [2]; hence, early diagnosis is one of the key factors to ensure successful clinical outcomes.

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is the protein associated with the viral cancer gene detected and classified in the field of cancer biology by Lane and Crawford in a study of converted cells and tumors in 1979 [3]. The p53 gene family and its proteins are essential in preventing the malignant transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. It is known as the guardian of the genome, located on chromosome 17 in humans. Its coding gene is Tp53, and p53 is a transcription factor that is responsible for controlling cell division, DNA repair, and cancer suppression genes, ultimately playing a vital role in preventing gene mutations. During transformation of human cells, p53 is initially activated by a series of cell signals, including undernourishment, hypoxia, and activation of cancer-causing genes, thus preventing DNA damage during the G1/S phase of the cell cycle G1/S [4]. Failure to repair DNA damage can trigger apoptosis, which prevents cells with abnormal genetic information from continuing to divide and growing into tumors [5]. Once the p53 gene is mutated, these inhibitory functions are impaired.

Also Check- maxanim

Therefore, p53 can be considered as a switch for the mechanism of cancer suppression. Clinically, the p53 protein in the normal human body has been shown in most studies to have a half-life of only about 5 to 20 min. In presence of mutations, protein degradation, or combinations with viral cancer genes, the half-life of the p53 protein is increased; in turn, this event induces the immune system to produce p53 autoantibodies [6]. As a result, there is a clear correlation between the concentration of p53 antibodies in the body and tumor size, cell differentiation level, and lymph node metastasis [2]. The p53 antibodies can be used as a prognostic and tracking indicator for lung, breast, head, and neck cancers. They also show a high diagnostic performance for various solid malignancies—inc

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luding rectal cancer [7], prostate adenocarcinoma [8], cervical cancer, and oral cancer [9].

In recent years, a variety of techniques have been developed to detect protein biomarkers, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [10], DNA probe technology [11], immunofluorescent assays [12], and electrochemical luminescent immunoassays [13]. Among them, electrochemical analysis has been widely used because of its ease-of-use, time-saving capability, high sensitivity, and high selectivity [14]. In 2004, Yan et al. used immunomagnetic electrochemical luminescence analysis to quantify p53 concentrations in serum samples obtained from cancer patients [15].
In 2016, Pedrero et al. used mesh-printed carbon electrodes to secure carbide-based beads with magnets; they subsequently captured the p53 protein with the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) joint and rated the concentration of p53 antibodies with the spicy root hydrogen peroxide enzyme.
In 2017, Giannetto et al. studied untreated and diluted urine samples for urinary malignancies, modified mesh carbon electrodes with nanotubes/nanoparticles, and fixed p53 antibodies to the modified electrodes to sense the p53 protein [17]. In 2020, Kang et al. conducted a study with high molecular poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/ nano-gold grains modified on glass carbon electrodes and devised a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/2 (ZIF-8/2), 3-diaminophenazine (DAP)/two-resistance sandwich electrochemical immunoassay for detecting and quantifying p53 proteins [14].
Nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) has recently been used as an electron transfer medium [18] for thin-film applications in solar cells [19], gases [20], and electrochemical sensors because of its outstanding electrochemical properties and chemical stability [21]. In this study, p53 antibodies were bonded to a NiPc-modified gold electrode by the Ni+2 ion of NiPc, which can be self-assembled with the imidazole group of the protein, and the p53 antigen was detected at different concentrations using the modified electrodes. The current change relationship was rapidly detected by electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to obtain the concentration detection curve of p53, which can be used as a sensor for quantifying p53 antigen concentrations in the serum.
Know More- https://maxanim.com/elabscience-antigen-test/

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  • CARDIO-RENAL METABOLIC SYNDROME AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY FACTORS: THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT.
  • Control
  • Controls
  • Conventional
  • Cow
  • Cultrex
  • DNA
  • Elisa Kits
  • Employ of Citrus By-product as Fat Replacer Ingredient for Bakery Confectionery Products.
  • Hamster
  • HEPES
  • high
  • histo
  • Horse
  • Horse serum
  • host
  • hotstart
  • How Dietary Diversity Enhances Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Grazing Ruminants.
  • HRP
  • phosphor
  • PicoProbe
  • Prevalence and patterns of self-reported animal-related injury among veterinarians in metropolitan Kampala.
  • reverse
  • RIA
  • RNA
  • rnai
  • Species
  • Specificity
  • Suicide among veterinarians in the United States from 1979 through 2015.
  • TEMED
  • Trends in Opioid Prescribing and Dispensing by Veterinarians in Pennsylvania.
  • Compare polyclonal lab reagents for research
  • Anti 4-HNE monoclonal antibody (HNEJ2)
  • Nucleoprotein Antibodies for SARS-CoV-2
  • The gaits of marsupials and the evolution of diagonal-sequence walking in primates.
  • The origin of exotic pet sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) kept in the United States of America.

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